![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The contents of water-soluble extractives were determined gravimetrically after suspension of these materials in water (10%, w/ v) and autoclaving at 115 ☌ for 30 min. All plant residues were oven-dried at 50 ☌ and ground to powder in a laboratory mill KM-1500 (MRC, Holon, Israel) prior to addition to the nutrient medium. gallica 142 enzyme activity: residue after ethanol production from the wheat grains (EPR, contains 43% extractives, 7% cellulose, 34% crude protein), wheat bran (56% extractives, 8% cellulose, 6% lignin, 15% crude protein), sunflower oil cake (SOC, 25% extractives, 6% cellulose, 36% crude protein, 0.11% Cu), mandarin peels (67% extractives, 24% cellulose, 7% crude protein), walnut pericarp (52% extractives, 16% cellulose, 7% lignin, 10% crude protein), and banana peels (47% extractives, 18% cellulose, 10% lignin, 8% crude protein). The following available in large amounts in Georgia plant raw materials were tested as growth substrates in order to establish their impact to C. The final fungal biomass was homogenized in a Waring laboratory blender and used as an inoculum for shake-flask cultures. Cultures were incubated at 27 ☌ and 150 rpm for 7 days. The fungal inocula were prepared by growing the fungal mycelium from agar slants on a rotary shaker in 250 mL flasks containing 100 mL of the medium (per L): 15 g glucose, 3 g peptone, 1 g KH 2PO 4, 0.5 g MgSO 4♷H 2O, 3 g yeast extract. chrysosporium ATCC 34541, and Phlebia radiata ATCC 64658 were purchased from the ATCC. chrysosporium ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 24725, P. versicolor strains BCC 113, BCC 159, and T. White-rot fungi from basidiomycetes culture collection of the Agricultural University of Georgia were used in this study: Cerrena unicolor strains BCC 300, BCC 301, BCC 302, and BCC 303, Coriolopsis gallica BCC 142, Funalia trogii BCC 146, Merulius tremellosus BCC 206, Phanerochaete chrysosporium BCC 1309, Trametes hirsuta BCC 119, T. Some of the specific factors affecting LME synthesis and the relative amounts of individual enzymes may include composition and concentration of carbon source, phenolic and aromatic compounds, microelements, mode of WRB cultivation and aeration. These studies clearly indicated that culture conditions affect fungal physiology and expression of LME. Thus, several strategies such as search and bioengineering of new LME producing fungal species, exploitation of cheap raw plant materials for growth substrates, optimization of nutrient media and cultivation conditions, usage of effective inducers, surfactants, and development of better bioprocess technologies have been tested to date. With an increase in supply and demand for LME, their cost, yield and production efficiency for industrial and environmental applications need to be improved. gallica was found to be a promising LME producer with a potential for an easy scale up cultivation in a bioreactor and high enzyme yields (Lac-9.4 U/mL, MnP-0.31 U/mL, LiP-0.45 U/mL).īesides their fundamental importance in lignin degradation, LME are utilized in various biotechnological processes and applications ranging from pulp and paper, food, textile, dye and cosmetics industries to sustainable production of renewable chemicals, materials, fuels, organic synthesis and bioremediation. Several factors, such as supplementation of the nutrient medium with a variety of lignocellulosic materials, nitrogen source or surfactant (Tween 80, Triton X-100) significantly influenced production of LME by a novel strain of C. zonatus in the medium containing mandarin-peels was reported for the first time. The ability of LiP activity production by C. Mandarin peels favored enhanced MnP and LiP secretion by the majority of the tested fungi. unicolor, Merulius tremellosus, Phlebia radiata, Trametes ochracea). versicolor) or enhancement of enzyme production ( C. Addition of mandarin peels to the synthetic medium promoted Lac production either due to an increase in fungal biomass ( Funalia trogii, Trametes hirsuta, and T. In the synthetic medium, Cerrena unicolor strains were the only high laccase (Lac) (3.2–9.4 U/mL) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) (0.56–1.64 U/mL) producers while one isolate Coriolopsis gallica was the only lignin peroxidase (LiP) (0.07 U/mL) producer. Sixteen white-rot Basidiomycota isolates were screened for production of lignin-modifying enzymes (LME) in glycerol- and mandarin peel-containing media. ![]()
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